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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Spiritualism (philosophy) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Spiritualism (philosophy) In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', ("Spiritualism (in philosophy)" ), britannica.com〕 This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.〔 Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.〔 Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.〔 ==Notable spiritualist thinkers== *Aristotle〔 *Henri Bergson〔 *F. H. Bradley〔 *René Descartes〔 *Maine de Biran〔Su-Young Park-Hwang (1998), (''L'habitude dans le spiritualisme français: Maine de Biran, Ravaisson, Bergson'' ), Presses Universitaires du Septentrion.〕 *Giovanni Gentile〔 *William Ernest Hocking〔 *Louis Lavelle〔 *René Le Senne〔 *Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz〔 *Pindar〔 *Plato〔 *Josiah Royce〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spiritualism (philosophy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.